Essay on Names in The Odyssey and The Bible -- comparison compare cont

Importance of Names in The Odyssey and The Bible      Ã‚   Two of the most widely studied ancient works are Homer’s Odyssey and the book of Genesis from the Bible.   Each of these texts provides a unique viewpoint of an early civilization.   In both of the texts, one can learn not only stories about great heroes, but also about the way that these peoples lived and what they believed.   Many interesting parallels can be drawn between the two developing societies shown in the Odyssey and the book of Genesis.   One parallel is the importance placed on names by each culture. Although viewed as important in different ways, the value placed on a name shows a striking similarity between the evolving cultures of both the Greeks and the Hebrews.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the Odyssey, Homer’s characters frequently allude to the importance of names.   For these ancient Greeks, a name symbolizes one’s identity, ancestry, and honor.   It is the one thing a man always owns, even if he possesses nothing else.   This is clearly shown through the hero, Odysseus.   While traveling home from the Trojan War, Odysseus, in effect, loses his title, land, and power for twenty years.   He remains with nothing but his name to speak for his character and person.   As he himself says at the beginning of Book IX when beginning to tell his story to the Phaiacians, â€Å"First of all I will tell you my name, and then you may count me one of your friends if I live to reach my home, although that is far away.   I am Odysseus Laertiades, a name well known in the world as one who is ready for any event.†Ã‚   Although away from his home and all things that could speak well of him, Odysseus is still in possession of his nam e, which clearly shows his good character.   This speech of Odysseus also show... ... to be carefully guarded, for if everything else is lost, it remains forever.   Thus, there is nothing more precious to a man than to have a name that carries intrinsic honor and meaning throughout his whole life.   A man is defined by who he is, and that is shown best through his name.   As clearly shown in the texts, to have a good name and to be remembered by it ought to be the main goal for any and every man.    Works Cited and Consulted Bloom, Harold ,   Homer's Odyssey: Edited and with an Introduction, NY, Chelsea House 1988 Heubeck, Alfred, J.B. Hainsworth, et al. A commentary on Homer's Odyssey. 3 Vols. Oxford PA4167 .H4813 1988 Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fitzgerald. New York: Vintage Books, 1989. Tracy, Stephen V. ,The Story of the Odyssey Princeton UP 1990 The Holy Bible. New Revised Standard Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1989.

Everything your American history textbook got wrong Essay

During my period of time that I had to read this very persuasive book into believing that you’re casual every day period of History class is basically nothing but a waste of time if not taught in the correct context. Which would include the good, the bad, and the all in between of the subject of that person or situation in history that would be important enough for generations to come to know and remember about in all its entirety. This book also includes how Americans have lost their touch with their history, and in this thought-stimulating book, James Loewen shows just why. After surveying twelve leading high school American history texts, he has concluded that not one of them does a decent or even good enough job of making history interesting or memorable. Flawed by an embarrassing combination of blind patriotism, mindless hopefulness, upright misinformation, and outright lies, these books leave out almost all the uncertainty, passion, conflict, and drama from our past. In ten powerful chapters, Loewen reveals that: Surely textbooks should include some people based on not only what they achieved but also on the distance they traversed to achieve it, as written in page 9 of chapter 1. Also in chapter one mainly in page 17, Woodrow Wilson, known as a progressive leader, was in fact a white supremacist who personally vetoed a clause on racial equality in the Covenant of the League of Nations. James also had written that â€Å"Woodrow Wilson’s administration was openly hostile to black people†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Wilson was not only anti-black†. To the history in chapter 4 page 116, about the truth of native Americans, â€Å" Six of the twelve histories I studies avoid this clichà © of Indian naitives about land ownership†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦several of them even point out that the problem lay in whites not abiding by accepting concepts of land ownership.† From the truth about Columbus’s historical voyages to an honest evaluation of our national leaders in chapter 8 page 230, Loewen revives our history, restoring to it the vitality and relevance it truly possesses. In the book, Loewen covers: faulty heroic personification of false heroes vs. th e lowering worth of America’s real heroes; the need to reference primary sources; our country’s forward moving belief which tends to ignore historical foreshadowing; the importance of students to think for themselves and question important events in history; and the ruin that the textbook industry has turned into. As you can see, there is a lot covered here, and this isn’t any of the lies. As I said, there is a lot explained in this book about why each historic lie was established. There is a point in the book where Loewen refers to a passage from 1984. In 1984, George Orwell says, â€Å"†¦he who controls the present controls the past.† When Loewen refers to this quote, he is referring to the upper class and whites controlling the educational system and textbook publishing. I believe there could’ve been a better use for this quote. While it may be true that most history textbooks bend or throw shade history in favor of the upper class or whites, I am deciding to use this particular quote in another fashion. â€Å"Who controls the present controls the past.† That, my friends, should be a charge; a mission directed at all those in the history teaching profession. Take control of the knowledge dispersed in your classrooms (the present) and teach the correct past. Discard the provided textbooks (not really ofcourse) and teach what you know should be taught. Allow yourself to step out of your teaching comfort zone. I have a teacher (not going to say anyone’s name) that likes to grill his students to push their knowledge on all that pertaining to the subject that we speak on, that teacher was never afraid to put his neck out to stir up discussion in the classroom. Worst case scenario, a question would arise that the teacher did not know the answer to and he would simply say, â€Å"I will look into it.† He wasn’t afraid to show he wasn’t all-knowing. Loewen’s book has a great underlying theme: that children should be taught that history is not restricted, and that possibilities should be discussed to further rational skills and to promote an understanding of our nation’s history. But I wish he had gone the extra step and challenged history teachers. I would recommend this book to anyone who like to read history and more on going in dept. While an appreciation for history would certainly make this book more enjoyable, it is an optional read either way. For real this book criticizes the way history is presented in current textbooks, and suggests a fresh and more accurate approach to teaching American history. This is a real eye-opener to anyone who thinks they learned about U.S. history in high school. Loewen spent eleven years reviewing the 12 most commonly-used U.S. history textbooks and found all to be seriously wanting. Textbook publishers want to avoid controversy (so, apparently, do many school systems), so they feed students a white-washed, non- controversial, over-simplified version of this country’s history and its most important historical parts. To make his point, Loewen emphasizes the â€Å"dark side† of U.S. history, because that’s the part that’s missing from our education system. So, for example, we never learned that Woodrow Wilson ran one of the most racist administrations in history and helped to set back progress in race relations that had begun after the Civil War. Helen Keller’s socialist leanings and political views are over-looked and we only learn that she overcame blindness and deafness. John Brown is portrayed as a wild-eyed nut who ran amok until he was caught and hanged, rather than an eloquent and dedicated abolitionist who uttered many of the same words and thoughts that Lincoln later expressed. Loewen’s book vividly illustrates the maxim that â€Å"those who do not learn from history are doomed to repeat it.† Ignorance of our real history also renders us incapable of fully understanding the present and coming to grips with the issues of our time. For example, from the Civil War until around 1890, real racial progress was underway in the United States and civil rights laws were Federally enforced in the South. The military was integrated and former slaves had the right to vote, serve on juries and as witnesses in trials, own property and operate businesses. They also received mandatory public education, which was automatically extended to white children for the first time in the south. But, between 1890 and 1920, the Feds gradually disengaged and allowed southern racist governments to strip these rights from blacks and relegate them to virtual non-citizenship. Only within the last half-century has that policy been gradually reversed, again through Federal intervention. This history casts current racial attitudes and issues in a different light than most of our high school students are likely to see unless they are taught the complete history of their country. It is clear that Loewen is not out to bash the United States or offer up an equally one-sided, negative version of its history. He gives a balanced account of many of the figures whose weaknesses he exposes. Thus, we learn that, although Columbus was an unimaginative fortune hunter, a racist tyrant and slave trader, he (and Spain) were not much different than most people at the time. He points out that all societies, including Native Americans and Africans, kept slaves and that it is unfair to single out Columbus as singularly evil. The problem is that kids never learn both sides of these stories, so history becomes a bland repetition of non-opposing â€Å"events† that appear to have or had no vague causes. Historical events are not related to issues that people disputed or serious conflicts that placed them at irreversible odds with one another, the very stuff that drives history. No wonder kids are bored and uninterested. They are left with the distorted impression that, down deep, the United States always means well and, in the end, is always â€Å"right.† Loewen has presented fair accounts of key events in our history and indicated why our high school students know and care so little about it. He also suggests ways to correct this serious shortcoming that every American should give a round of applause to.

Capital Punishment Should Be Allowed - 955 Words

Capital punishment is execution, which can furthermore be identified as the death penalty, has been a hot topic in the public eye for a while. The question on lots of minds is whether it is acceptable for the state to terminate one’s life for the crime they have committed. A significant question that we will address is whether or not capital punishment should be allowed. By inquiring more information about this topic people should be able to formulate their own opinions on this debate. As I began to research further into this issue, I became aware that plenty of people agree with the idea of capital punishment being endorsed; however, I believe in order for the public to recognize all the factors that apply to this debate, asking this question will not only be the key to finally finding closure, but it will help them articulate their own views. Why is it essential to find closure? Why does our justice system to seek capital punishment? When does the system realize if one should receive the death penalty? How will they be sure that all the evidence is there? Is capital punishment ethical? Are there different types of execution methods? Does this punishment violate the U.S Constitution? Executing an innocent; what happens then? Addressing these questions will guide the public to thoroughly understand this punishment. What happens when mistakes are made? When executing a person for the crimes they didn’t commit there is no turning back from that point. That decision isShow MoreRelatedCapital Punishment Should Be Allowed Or Not?927 Words   |  4 PagesIn the United States of America, the issue of capital punishment is one of the major controversial topics which is being debated over and over due to different ideologies of people. Many support the use of death penalty but other oppose the use of this form of punishment because they think it’s barbaric. There are numerous reasons why some individuals believe that capital punishment should be allowed or not. Most of these individual’s beliefs are influenced by religion, the Constitution, and deterrenceRead MoreShould Capital Punishment Be Allowed?1376 Words   |  6 Pagesforty-years, 1,421 executions have been conducted by thirty-one states and the federal government under the capital punishment sentence (â€Å"Facts About t he Death Penalty†). Throughout those years however, controversial opinions have aroused on whether the capital punishment should be permitted, its success on reflecting a deterrent effect, and even its morality. Although it is often argued that Capital punishment is appropriate when the crime reaches an egregious extent, the revocation of constitutional securitiesRead MoreExamine the Ethical Issue on Capital Punishment and Discuss the Extent Which It Should Be Allowed.1867 Words   |  8 PagesQuestion: Examine the ethical issue on capital punishment and discuss the extent to which it should be allowed. We live in a society where killing is deemed and known as unethical and immoral, and this is because of society’s condemnation of death. We are bounded by a set of guidelines, a social contract, and these common guidelines create boundaries – boundaries that determine how the law is formed, what is wrong and what is right, benefitting the majority of the society. By having this socialRead MoreChristianity and Allowing Capital Punishment Essay1051 Words   |  5 PagesChristianity and Allowing Capital Punishment The question of whether Christians should allow capital punishment is controversial and is often argued between many Christians. This question can be answered by using the bible to help them understand their morale and ways of life. The Christians believe that Christians should allow capital punishment and they argue this by using the bible in Exodus 21 24 eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot thisRead MoreCapital Punishment and its Controversies 1434 Words   |  6 PagesCapital punishment uses death penalty as a form of punishment in many states and countries. It is a practice that has raised endless questions all over the world. Capital punishment or death penalty policy has changed in many countries overtime. Countries such as, New Australia, Zealand and 15 states in the US do not have capital punishment. One of the major concerns arising with capital punishment is because it causes ending of a human life. People and organizations of different backgrounds areRead More The Need for Capital Punishment in America Essay1151 Words   |  5 PagesIt is the firm belief and position here that committing such a crime as murder is punishable by death. Americans should take a position for anyone on death row, to be executed sooner rather than later. The moral reality in an argument for capital punishment is that they know the difference between the death penalty and what happens when it is actually put into place from the court of law. In the United States there are more people sitting in prison on death row than actually being executed atRead MorePersuasive Essay On Capital Punishment921 Words   |  4 PagesCapital punishment is a controversial debate in the United States. Many Americans believe that the death penalty is immoral because of its ethical complications. Still others believe that capital punishment is a cheaper and quicker way for justice to be served. When the government houses inmates, vast amounts of money are spent on food, medication, and clothing for inmates to survive in prison. Yet, the majority of America still allows for the practice of capital punishment in several manners suchRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty1017 Words   |  5 PagesPosition Paper Country: Saudi Arabia Name: Lucas Falley Topic: Capital Punishment Background: Capital punishment, or the death penalty, has existed for thousands of years. For as long as there has been organized society, the death penalty has existed in numerous cultures and civilizations. Throughout the years the methods have changed, but the use of capital punishment is becoming a pressing matter. Amnesty International reports that there are 140 countries worldwide that have abolished the deathRead MoreLiterature Review on Death Penalty1028 Words   |  5 Pagespaper is going to be over â€Å"Do you agree with the death penalty?†. I gathered information by asking a series of questions of other individuals. Some of the questions I asked was, â€Å"Do you think the death penalty is a deterrent from a crime?†, and â€Å"How should the death penalty be administered?† My goal is to find out how many people agree or disagree with the death penalty, and why. This will be a good opportunity to view this topic from many different aspects, considering each p erson will have theirRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty1031 Words   |  5 PagesCapital punishment has been a part of the U.S criminal justice system for centuries. The death penalty has been the most controversial aspect. The death penalty is legal in 33 states but the rest of the 19 states abolished it. There are over half of Americans that support the death penalty while the rest of them believe that it is unacceptable. People who support the death penalty believe that capital punishment lowers future crime rates, but people who are against it believe that it is a cruel

Example of Speech Text

Example of speech text is characterized by the specific features of the vocabulary usage, structuring, and emphasizing the key points. As a rule, the speechwriter aims to address clearly a vitally important issue which is much-debated in the society. Subsequently, example of speech text should both articulate the position of the speaker and provide the audience with strong arguments supporting the presenters viewpoint. Ladies and Gentlemen, It is a pleasure for me to be here tonight and address such a great audience. The issue I would like to bring up threatens the prosperity and welfare of the whole nation, however, the majority of the population tends to ignore it and pretend as if it is not a problem at all. Namely, I would like to talk about the risks of obesity. First of all, it would be reasonable to present the statistics that some of you might find shocking. To be more precise, in accordance with the data provided by the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the number of people suffering from obesity has already reached the point of 35% of the whole US population. Just imagine, one-third of Americans is particularly limited in their opportunities to have a happy, comprehensive, and productive life. Let me remind you, that the right to health was considered by the United Nations to be an integral element of the human rights and the individual dignity. I believe, that it is a high time to ask ourselves whether the lifestyle patterns cultivated in the US are actually contributing to the concept of human dignity or not. Unfortunately, the honest answer would rather disappoint us. Obviously, the complaints and disappointment may hardly improve the recent state of affairs. Subsequently, I believe, that the awareness and personal determination to change the trend are the first steps towards the overall success. Some of you would definitely argue that it is an entirely personal responsibility or, at most, the responsibility of the Department of Health. Let me disagree and explain the essence the obesity spread. In particular, reducing the time and money being spent on meal has become a generally accepted trend which, however, may hardly bring the benefits to anyone except the fast-food companies bosses. Therefore, we should agree that the recent economic model, which has made healthy eating a privilege of a few, is exceptionally harmful. So, what can be done to change the pattern? First of all, there are two aspects of the campaign against the obesity spread. Namely, the first one implies the efforts of the official institutions and includes informational campaigns conduction as well as providing the obese people with a proper treatment. However, I would like to emphasize the importance of the other aspect which, I believe, implies a key meaning in terms of changing the negative statistics. Namely, I would like to talk about the determination and responsibility of each of us who are neither the medical officials nor the obesity victims. In particular, each of us has a friend or colleague who is suffering from obesity. There are also people, like our children, to whom our behavior may serve as a model to follow. We are responsible for those people and should put our best efforts to raise their awareness and convince them that it is better to lose some extra half-an-hour but keep our health and welfare safe. Ladies and Gentlemen, let me once again thank you for your patience. Being aware and responsible, we are capable of overcoming the threats of obesity spread. Thank you!

Rivalry Of The Global E Commerce Market - 1371 Words

Rivalry in the Industry: (Medium to High) E-Bay is one of the dominant players in the global e-commerce market; but because of low entry barriers E-Bay is currently facing competition in its different market segments. Therefore, this market is full of competitors such as Amazon, Craigslist, Yahoo! Auctions, and other new players such as Alibaba, Jet.com and Overstock.com. The battle between e-commerce players engage in price- based competition to persuade buyers, therefore these players limit their ability to raise prices. Also, due to relatively low barriers to entry, new companies continue to crop up in the global e-commerce market, which intensify the competition. However, one of the biggest competitor of eBay is the drop off industry,†¦show more content†¦There are also low exit barriers in this industry. EBay needs to keep up with consumer needs and wants along with keeping an eye on its competitors in order to be successful. Threat of New Entrants: (Medium) This is an Internet driven service industry, where there is a low barriers to entry. Hence, it is relatively easy for newer player to enter the market and start selling products, but it is difficult for newer players to gain brand recognition and attain high ranking on the most popular search engines. The online payment mechanism has relatively higher barriers for new entrants since security is a vital for online payment, making it difficult for new players to attract new customers. PayPal has benefit eBay significantly, since it has positioned them as a strong contender in the market. However, Amazon, Apple and Alibaba could potentially challenge PayPal’s strong market position, because these three competitors are strong enough and have enough resources to compete on a large scale, consequently restricting newer players to an extent. The main barriers in this field come from government regulation. The government does not allow some products to be sold in certain states or countries and so any online auction site needs to make sure they do not violate certain laws. EBay has developed different policies that prevent someone from buying an item that would violate their local government. Even though eBay acts the middleman

Using Social Networks Businesses Australia â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Using Social Networks In Businesses In Australia? Answer: Introduction The business research topic is to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of using social networks in businesses in Australia. With the advancement of technology and communication nowadays, the social networks have been considered by many business organisations within the retail industry as good marketing tools for sending messages and information to the targeted audiences. The social media has several advantages and disadvantages, and it is important to utilise it in a proper way for gaining the good results; otherwise, it can even result in severe risks and lead to bad reputation and brand image of retail companies in Australia (Aljabre, 2012). Project objective To identify the impact of social networks on business within the retail industry of Australia To evaluate the advantage and disadvantages of using social networks To assess the impact of social networks on the enhancement of brand reputation and image To recommend necessary measures for enhancing the efficiency of social networks in businesses Project scope The scope of the project is huge because social networks are effective tools for enhancing brand name and image and attracts more customers, thereby influence their buying behaviour too. This would also allow the companies to generate huge amounts of revenue in business. The various aspects of social networks are quite effective, and it can create better scopes for conducting the business research in the future (Baltar Brunet, 2012). Few effective social media platforms are Facebook and Twitter that are used by retail companies in Australia for marketing activities and even create a fan page where the customers can follow the company and know about the products and services offered. The literature review will illustrate the various benefits and drawbacks of using social networks in business by collecting data and information from secondary sources like journals, articles, documents and web sites (Batjargal et al., 2013). Advantages of using social networks for businesses The customers would also be able to gain solutions to their queries and even be indulged in telephonic or email conversations with the company officials regarding any questions related to the products and services offered by the companies. YouTube is also an effective social network platform, which acts as a repository for managing podcasts and videos and this can allow the company to promote its brand products and services, which can get millions of viewership all over the world (Batjargal et al., 2013). This would not only enhance the brand identity of the company but also could enable the users to share the links of the retail company with other friends and followers. With the help of social networks, the company could also display advertising options for sharing and exchange of information with others as well as create a positive mindset among the customers regarding the brand value (Bruhn, Schoenmueller Schfer, 2012). The major advantages of social media marketing are related to costs, because of the social networking web sites are free to access, develop a new profile and post information. To reach the targeted market, it is important to use the social networks as it will incur less investment of money and the users or audiences can also join or follow the company. There is also pay per click advertisements that can make the company earn money as soon as users click on the advertisements. The pay per click advertisements are geo targeted, which allows for reaching the audiences properly and this can be beneficial for the retail companies in Australia to create a good brand image in less time (Bryman Bell, 2015). The cost of marketing is reduced, which can allow for using the additional finance for other purposes like improving customers' services and more traffic to the web site managed by the organisation. With the betterment of customers' services, the sales would increase along with increased traffic to the web site. The customers services efficiency would create better engagement of customers and even allow the customers to provide their responses and feedbacks regarding any products and services delivered by the retail companies (Eriksson Kovalainen, 2015). The social networking also helps in conducting market research about the customers and creates improved opportunities for networking with the businesses and customers with ease and efficiency. The users of brands who are loyal can be channeled into peer-to-peer marketing through the use of social networks, and this can help in influencing the buying behaviours of consumers and make them try out the new products and services with ease and efficiency. The proper utilisation of social networks can also prevent advertising and promotional activities that are not preferred by the local customers as well as create good relationships with them (Gronum, Verreynne Kastelle, 2012). Disadvantages of using social networks for businesses There are few disadvantages of using social networks for businesses such as lack of clear marketing or social media strategy, which can often deteriorate the financial condition and reduce benefits gained by the retail companies in Australia. There would be need of additional resources for managing a good online presence. To keep the market presence stable, it is important to manage daily monitoring, which is a daunting task as well. In case a proper social media presence is not created, then there can be loosing of customers and furthermore lead to and reputation of the company (Laroche, Habibi Richard, 2013). There are chances of unwanted behaviours on the web site like bullying and bad comments posted by individuals could create a negative mindset among other customers. Greater exposure online can also attract more risks such as leakage of data and information and even hacking. One of the major drawbacks of using social networks is that upgrading social media accounts take a lot of time and effort. Thus, it is essential to appoint a senior most person, who has knowledge and skills of handling the products and services of the company and how to create a social media presence. Another disadvantage is that the information and data are visible for a shorter time until newer posts replace the existing ones (Leonardi, Huysman Steinfield, 2013). Other than that, publishing the advertising copy is often not appropriate in the social media environment, which can further result in losing many followers. It is often seen that customers post negative comments, which are needed to be checked by monitoring the social networking accounts, otherwise the negative posts can go viral and harm the businesses within the retail industry of Australia. There could also be the presence of viruses, malware, lack of control over the corporate content, unrealistic expectations from c ustomers and non-compliance with the regulations of management (Okazaki Taylor, 2013). These are the potential risks that can create difficulties while using social networking as an effective marketing tool in businesses of Australia. Social networking is time intensive and so an individual needs to monitor each network, responds to queries, answer questions and post product related information in a consistent manner. The social network users often feel reluctant to share their information and place social networks low regarding security confidence. The marketing efforts can also be met with offensive reactions by customers, which can deteriorate the status of the company (Picazo-Vela et al., 2012). The customers who are unhappy with the services of companies can post offensive pictures, comments and feedbacks and there are no such marketers who can prevent these occurrences. The social networks are free to join, but if the businesses do not introduce paid advertisements, then the companies may end up with followers who are not even local. Another major disadvantage of using social networks is that though it can attract loyal customers, still more efforts are required for attaining new business (Sashi, 2012). Literature gaps Though all the major aspects of this business research are evaluated here, still there have been few limitations found. One of the major limitations is that though the advantages and disadvantages of using social networks in businesses have been illustrated, still there is need of searching for some more secondary sources to collect relevant data and information in a detailed manner (Sekaran Bougie, 2016). Few of the web sites, journals and articles were not genuine, so to conduct the research in a much better way, it would be essential for determining the authenticity of the web sites and journals and collect data and information properly. Conclusion The topic focused on the business research relating to the advantages and disadvantages of using social networks in business. The research was conducted by presenting the research scope and objectives at first and then presenting a literature review to focus on the benefits drawn from using social networks in business. Few of the disadvantages such as lack of control, monitoring of social media accounts and negative brand image, which may result due to negative comments posted by users had been included in this research too. The literature gaps also focused on the limitations, which had been experienced in the research, and these further helped in deriving a proper conclusion in the end. References Aljabre, A. (2012). Cloud computing for increased business value.International Journal of Business and social science,3(1). Baltar, F., Brunet, I. (2012). Social research 2.0: virtual snowball sampling method using Facebook.internet Research,22(1), 57-74. Batjargal, B., Hitt, M. A., Tsui, A. S., Arregle, J. L., Webb, J. W., Miller, T. L. (2013). Institutional polycentrism, entrepreneurs' social networks, and new venture growth.Academy of Management Journal,56(4), 1024-1049. Bruhn, M., Schoenmueller, V., Schfer, D. B. (2012). Are social media replacing traditional media in terms of brand equity creation?.Management Research Review,35(9), 770-790. Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2015).Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Eriksson, P., Kovalainen, A. (2015).Qualitative methods in business research: A practical guide to social research. Sage. Gronum, S., Verreynne, M. L., Kastelle, T. (2012). The role of networks in small and medium?sized enterprise innovation and firm performance.Journal of Small Business Management,50(2), 257-282. Laroche, M., Habibi, M. R., Richard, M. O. (2013). To be or not to be in social media: How brand loyalty is affected by social media?.International Journal of Information Management,33(1), 76-82. Leonardi, P. M., Huysman, M., Steinfield, C. (2013). Enterprise social media: Definition, history, and prospects for the study of social technologies in organizations.Journal of Computer?Mediated Communication,19(1), 1-19. Okazaki, S., Taylor, C. R. (2013). Social media and international advertising: theoretical challenges and future directions.International marketing review,30(1), 56-71. Picazo-Vela, S., Gutirrez-Martnez, I., Luna-Reyes, L. F. (2012). Understanding risks, benefits, and strategic alternatives of social media applications in the public sector.Government information quarterly,29(4), 504-511. Sashi, C. M. (2012). Customer engagement, buyer-seller relationships, and social media.Management decision,50(2), 253-272. Sekaran, U., Bougie, R. (2016).Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley Sons.

Katz V. The United States Essays - Privacy Of Telecommunications

Katz V. The United States The petitioner Mr. Katz was arrested for illegal gambling, he had been gambling over a public phone. The FBI attached an electronic recorder onto the outside of the public phone booth. The state courts claimed this to be legal because the recording device was on the outside of the phone and the FBI never entered the booth. The Supreme Court Ruled in the favor of Katz. They stated that the Fourth Amendment allowed for the protection of a person and not just a person's property against illegal searches. The Fourth Amendment written in 1791 states, The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized (Galloway 214). The court was unsure on weather or not they should consider a public telephone booth as an area protected by the fourth amendment. The court did state that: The Fourth Amendment protects people, not places. What a person knowingly exposes to the public, even in his own home or office, is not a subject of Fourth Amendment protection. But what he seeks to preserve as private, even in an area accessible to the public, may be constitutionally protected...Searches conducted without warrants have been held unlawful notwithstanding facts unquestionably showing probable cause, for the Constitution requires that the deliberate impartial judgment of a judicial officer be interposed between the citizen and the police (Maddex 201). The FBI agents found out the days and times he would use the pay phone. The FBI attached a tape recorder to the outside of the telephone booth. The FBI recorded him using the phone six different times, all six conversations were around three minutes long. They made sure that they only recorded him and not anyone else's conversations. Katz lost the case all the way up to the Supreme Court because the state courts and the Court of Appeals said there was no amendment violation since there was ?no physical entrance into the area occupied by the petitioner (Hall 482).? The Constitutional Fourth Amendment was looked at and analyzed very carefully and the Surpreme Court decided in favor of Katz with a seven to one vote. Strong arguments were brought to the stand, the Governments eavesdropping violated the privacy of Katz. ?The Fourth Amendment governs not only the seizure of tangible items but extends as well the recording of oral statements (Katzen 1).? The surveillance in this case could have been legal by the constitution, but it was not part of the warrant issued. Warrants are very valuable to make everything stated in the fourth amendment legal. The telephone booth was made of glass so he was visible to the public, but he did not enter the booth so no one could see him, he entered the booth so no one could hear him. A person in a telephone booth is under protection of the Fourth Amendment, One who occupies it, shuts the door behind him, and pays the toll that permits him to place a call is surly entitled to assume that the words he utters into the mouthpiece will not be broadcasted to the world. To read the constitution more narrowly is to ignore the vital role that the public telephone has to come to play in private communication (Katzen 2). But with all this evidence it was still fought that the surveillance method they used involved no physical penetration into the telephone booth. The Fourth Amendment was thought to limit only searches and seizures of tangible property. The decision of the court was seven to one and Mr. Justice Marshall took no part in the decision of the case. Mr. Justice Stewart concurred in his speech that, ...these considerations do not vanish when the search in question is transferred from the setting of a home, an office, or a hotel room to that of a telephone booth. Wherever a man may be, he is entitled to know that he will remain free from unreasonable searches and seizures (Katzen 4). Mr. Justice Stewart's feelings on the case were that the use of electronic surveillance should be regulated. He thinks permission should be granted for the use of electronic surveillance. Mr. Justice Douglas, with whom Mr. Justice Brennan joined, concurred that ?The Fourth Amendment draws no lines between various substantive offenses. The arrests in cases of